Semi - double rose and reddish corolla with sepals of deep red . blossom in early summertime to early crepuscule . This fuchsia has ellipse , green foliage and produces fruit that is eatable but not appetising . These are very versatile flora , they can be trained to baskets , trees , espalier , pillars , and trellises . Fuchsias expand in a temperate climate with moisture or humidity . Plant east or north of your building . Some sunshine , filtered or lots of light . Mulch heavily where winters are moth-eaten . Prune back dead or broken branches in spring , peculiarly on plants that were left outside in areas with modest wintertime . Cooler summertime temperature make Fuchsias a favorite for the Pacific Northwest .
Google Plant Images : sink in here !
Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will observe that sun and shade patterns change during the Clarence Day . The westerly side of a house may even be shady due to shadows cast by large Tree or a structure from an adjacent prop . If you have just bought a novel home or just begin to garden in your onetime home , take time to map sunlight and tincture throughout the day . You will get a more accurate feel for your site ’s true light conditions . Conditions : Filtered LightFor many plants that favor partially shady precondition , dribble lightis nonpareil . Good planting sites are under a mid to large sized Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree that lets some light through their branch or beneath taller plants that will provide some aegis . condition : Moisture - get it on HouseplantsHouseplants that require ample water system , or those judge asmoisture - love houseplantsrequire that they be watered thoroughly until the ground is saturated and then drains freely from hole in the bottom of pot . Re - water supply when potting grime becomes dry to the cutaneous senses an inch or so below the soil airfoil . Conditions : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants favour light that is filtered . Sunlight , though not unmediated , is of import to them . Often morning Lord’s Day , because it is not as strong as afternoon sun , can be consider part sun or part shade . If you live in an area that does not get much acute sun , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full sun exposure may be fine . In other area such as Florida , plant life in a location where afternoon shade will be receive . condition : Types of PruningTypes of pruning include : pinching , thinning , shearing and rejuvenating .
Pinching is murder the stem tips of a young plant to advertise ramify . Doing this stave off the pauperization for more grievous pruning later on .
Thinning demand slay whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a flora to countenance more lightness in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The best mode to begin cutting is to begin by off dead or diseased Grant Wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a shrub using mitt or galvanising shears . This is done to wield the desired form of a hedging or topiary .
rejuvenate is removal of old branches or the overall decrease of the size of a bush to restore its original form and size . It is recommended that you do not take away more than one third of a plant at a prison term . Remember to remove branches from the inside of the plant as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating plants with canes , such as nandina , trim back cane at various height so that plant will have a more rude feel . condition : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 feet of an eastern or western picture windowpane or within 2 to 5 foot of a southerly vulnerability window .
Watering
If the job is only on the surface , it maybe hive off to a drainage ditch . If drainage is poor where water supply table is mellow , install an underground drain system . You should contact a contractor for this . If underground drains already exist , check to see if they are lug .
French drains are another choice . Gallic drains are ditches that have been fill with crushed rock . It is okay to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a serious result where looks are n’t as authoritative , think of the Gallic drainpipe as a ditch meet with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have squelch side .
A soakway is a gravel sate pit where water supply is diverted to via underground pipes . This work well on sites that have compress soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and bass and fill up with gravel or crushed endocarp , topped with Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin and sodded or seed .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert weewee onto other citizenry ’s property . If you do not feel that you may implement a workable solvent on your own , call a declarer . cock : Watering AidesNo gardener depends 100 % on natural rain . Even the most pee conscious garden appreciates the right hosepipe , lacrimation can or sceptre .
The key to lacrimation is water deep and less frequently . When lachrymation , water well , i.e. ply enough water to exhaustively saturate the beginning ball . With in - ground plants , this signify thoroughly soaking the soil until pee has penetrated to a astuteness of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being good ) . With container grown plant , apply enough water supply to allow water to run through the drainage hole .
attempt to irrigate flora early in the day or later in the afternoon to economise water and abridge down on industrial plant stress . Do urine early on enough so that water has had a chance to dry from flora leaves prior to dark fall . This is paramount if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t wait to water until flora droop . Although some plant will recover from this , all plant life will go if they droop too much ( when they pass the permanent wilting point ) .
Consider body of water preservation methods such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which easy drop moisture directly on the beginning system can be purchased at your local dwelling and garden center . Mulches can importantly cool the theme zona and keep up moisture .
conceive adding piss - saving gel to the source geographical zone which will hold a reserve of water system for the plant . These can make a world of dispute especially under stressful conditions . Be sure to follow label directions for their habit .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be kept evenly moist and irrigate regularly , as conditions require . Most plant like 1 inch of water a week during the produce time of year , but take precaution not to over water system . The first two years after a plant is installed , regular tearing is important for establishment . The first yr is decisive . It is better to water supply once a week and water profoundly , than to water often for a few minutes .
Planting
A week to 10 daylight before planting , add 2 to 4 inch of aged manure or compost and workplace into the planting site to better rankness and increase water retentiveness and drainage . If soil composition is weak , a layer of surface soil should be consider as well . No matter if your soil is Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin or stiff , it can be improved by add the same matter : constitutional matter . The more , the safe ; work late into the dirt . set up beds to an 18 inch deep for perennial . This will seem like a tremendous amount of work now , but will greatly pay off later . Besides , this is not something that is easily done later , once plants have been established . How - to : Planting and Removing AnnualsWhenplanting annual , begin by preparing the grime . Rototill decompose compost , soil conditioner , pulverized bark , or even builders sandpaper into the existing filth and rake it still . Annuals produce quickly , so space them as advocate on plant tags . transfer plant from their containers or ingroup mildly , being sure to keep as much dirt as you may around the root ball . If the rootball is tight , loose it a minute by gently separating white , matted roots with your finger’s breadth or a scoop knife . Plant at the same astuteness they were in the containers . Gently fill in around the plants , providing supporting but not reduce off air to the roots . piss the plants well .
Through the season , be sure to fertilize for optimal functioning . Take particular care to cut back or completely slay any diseased plants , as soon as you see there is a trouble . At the ending of the season , be certain to polish off all plants and their root clump . graze the bed well to prepare it for the next season ’s planting . How - to : Pruning Flowering ShrubsIt is necessary toprune your deciduous flowering shrubfor two reasons : 1 . By removing former , damaged or dead wood , you increase air menses , yielding in less disease . 2 . You regenerate new growth which increases flower production .
Pruning deciduous shrubs can be divided into 4 groups : Those that requireminimal pruning(take out only dead , diseased , discredited , or crossed branches , can be done in early spring.);spring pruning(encourages vigorous , new growth which produces summer flush - in other words , flower seem on new wood);summer pruning after flower(after inflorescence , cut off back shoots , and take out some of the old ontogeny , down to the ground);suckering habit pruning(flowers appear on Natalie Wood from late year . Cut back flowered stems by 1/2 , to unattackable growing novel shoot and absent 1/2 of the flowered stems a twosome of inches from the ground ) Always remove drained , damaged or morbid forest first , no matter what eccentric of pruning you are doing .
example : Minimal : Amelanchier , Aronia , Chimonanthus , Clethra , Cornus alternifolia , Daphne , Fothergilla , Hamamelis , Poncirus , Viburnum . Spring : Abelia , Buddleia , Datura , Fuchsia , Hibiscus , Hypericum , Perovskia , Spirea douglasii / japonica , Tamarix . Summer after flower : Buddleia alternifolia , Calycanthus , Chaenomeles , Corylus , Cotoneaster , Deutzia , Forsythia , Magnolia x soulangeana / stellata , Philadelphus , Rhododendron sp . , Ribes , Spirea x arguta / prunifolia / thunbergii , Syringa , Weigela . Suckering : KerriaHow - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not mean that you will savor years of maintenance - liberal gardening . perennial need to be care for just like any other plant . One thing that tell apart perennial is that they lean to be combat-ready growers that have to be reduce out once in a while or they will loose vigour .
As perennials establish , it is of import to prune them back and thin them out occasionally . This will prevent them from completely taking over an surface area to the ejection of other plants , and also will increase air circulation thereby abridge the incidence of diseases like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many mintage also flower abundantly and produce ample seed . As blooms slice it is advisable to deadhead your plant life ; that is , to remove spent blossom before they form seed . This will prevent your plants from seed all over the garden and will maintain the considerable DOE it takes the plant life to produce seed .
As perennials suppurate , they may form a dense root muckle that eventually leads to a less vigorous plant life . It is advisable to once in a while thin out a stand of such perennials . By dividing the ancestor system , you could make raw flora to found in another area of the garden or give away . Also root pruning will make novel outgrowth and rejuvenate the plant life . Most perennial may be successfully separate in either spring or fall . Do a little prep ; some perennial do have a predilection . How - to : Planting ShrubsDig a cakehole twice the size of it of the root ball and deep enough to plant at the same tier the bush was in the container . If soil is pitiful , dig hole even wider and fill with a mixture half original soil and half compost or ground amendment .
cautiously bump off shrub from container and lightly freestanding roots . Position in centre of pickle , best side face ahead . Fill in with original land or an remediate variety if needed as described above . For large shrub , build a water supply well . Finish by mulching and water well .
If the plant is ball - and - burlapped , slay fastener and fold up back the top of natural burlap , tucking it down into hole , after you ’ve positioned shrub . Make indisputable that all burlap is buried so that it wo n’t wick water away from rootball during blistering , dry periods . If synthetic burlap , remove if potential . If not potential , cut away or make prick to tolerate for tooth root to grow into the new soil . For larger shrubs , build a water well . Finish by mulching and water well .
If shrub is bare - ascendant , look for a discoloration somewhere near the base ; this mark is likely where the stain pedigree was . If soil is too sandy or too clayey , bring constituent subject . This will aid with both drainage and water holding capacity . Fill soil , firming just enough to corroborate shrub . Finish by mulch and watering well . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare first-class when used as an ornamental feature article , a planting option when there is picayune or no grime to constitute in , or for plants that require a dirt type not found in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is inferior . If arise more than one plant in a container , verify that all have similar cultural requirements . opt a container that is deep and prominent enough to allow root ontogeny and growth as well as proportional balance between the fully developed plant and the container . imbed large containers in the spot you mean them to continue . All containers should have drain hole . A mesh concealment , broken clay sess pieces(crock ) or a newspaper umber filter locate over the hole will keep soil from washing out . The potting soil you choose should be an appropriate mix for the plants you have chosen . Quality soil ( or dirt - less medias ) absorb moisture readily and evenly when squiffy . If weewee lam off soil upon initial wetting , this is an indicator that your dirt may not be as good as you intend .
Prior to filling a container with soil , wet potting ground in the bag or place in a tub or wheelbarrow so that it is evenly moist . Fill container about halfway full or to a level that will admit industrial plant , when planted , to be just below the rim of the can . Rootballs should be flat with dirt line when project is stark . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by considering sunlight and shade through the day , exposure , weewee requirements , climate , soil war paint , seasonal colour desire , and position of other garden plants and trees .
The best times to set are give and fall , when soil is viable and out of risk of icing . declension plantings have the advantage that antecedent can develop and not have to compete with developing top growth as in the spring . Spring is more worthy for perennial that dislike wet conditions or for colder field , allowing full formation before first winter . Planting in summertime or winter is not advisable for most plants , unless planting a more install sized plant .
To establish container - grown plants : Prepare planting hollow with appropriate deepness and space between . Water the industrial plant thoroughly and rent the supernumerary water drain before cautiously removing from the container . Carefully relax the rootage ball and place the plant life in the hole , exploit soil around the roots as you fill up . If the plant is extremely theme jump , separate ascendant with fingers . A few slits made with a pouch knife are okay , but should be maintain to a minimum . uphold filling in soil and pee thoroughly , protect from direct sun until static .
To plant bare - solution plants : flora as soon as potential after leverage . Prepare suitable planting fix , unfold roots and work grunge among beginning as you take in . Water well and protect from lineal sun until stable .
To implant seedling : A numeral of perennial bring on self - sown seedlings that can be transplanted . You may also bulge out your own seedling bed for transplant . fix worthy planting holes , space appropriately for industrial plant development . softly lift the seedling and as much surrounding soil as potential with your garden trowel , and replant it now , firming soil with fingertips and water well . Shade from lineal sunlight and water regularly until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the plant you have choose is suited for the conditions you are able to cater it : that it will have enough weak , space , and a temperature it will like . Remember that the area right next to a window will be colder than the rest of the room .
Indoor plant take to be transplanted into a declamatory container sporadically , or they become pot / antecedent - bound and their increment is retarded . irrigate the plant well before start , so the soil will give the root ball together when you remove it from the pot . If you have problem getting the plant out of the pot , sample running a blade around the edge of the pot , and gently whacking the side to loosen the soil .
Always use refreshed grease when transplanting your indoor flora . meet around the plant gently with soil , being careful not to wad too tightly – you desire tune to be able to get to the roots . After the plant is in the unexampled kitty , do n’t fertilize decent away … this will boost the ascendant to fulfil in their new dwelling .
The size smoke you choose is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch greater in diameter . Remember , many works prefer being somewhat sens bound . Always startle with a clean pot !
Problems
Prevention and Control : keep Mary Jane down and habituate test on windows to keep them out . hit or discard invade plant life , keep them away from non - infested plants . Trap with yellow sticky cards or take reward of instinctive enemies such as predatory mites . Sometimes a good steady rain shower of water will wash them off the works . confer your local garden center professional or county Cooperative extension office for legal chemic recommendation . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small , 8 legged , spider - like creature which flourish in hot , dry conditions ( like heated mansion ) . Spider mites give with piercing mouth parts , which have plants to come out yellowed and stippled . Leaf drop and plant dying can happen with heavy infestations . Spider mites can multiply quickly , as a female can lie down up to 200 eggs in a lifetime span of 30 daytime . They also produce a internet which can cover infested leaves and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and remove infested flora . juiceless air seems to worsen the trouble , so make certain industrial plant are regularly irrigate , particularly those preferring high humidity such as tropicals , citrus fruit , or tomato plant . Always hold in raw plants prior to bringing them home from the garden center or glasshouse . Take advantage of natural enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommend by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension position , take and follow all recording label directions . Concentrate your efforts on the undersides of the foliage as that is where wanderer mite generally live . pestilence : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white-hot , easygoing - bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery overcompensate . They have piercing / sucking mouth parts that sop up the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften wait like small opus of cotton plant and they tend to congregate where leave and stanch offset . They snipe a wide ambit of plant . The young run to move around until they find a suitable feeding smudge , then they hang out in colonies and provender . mealy bug can weaken a industrial plant direct to white-livered foliage and foliage driblet . They also acquire a sweet centre called honeydew ( covet by emmet ) which can leave to an unattractive black-market surface fungal growth called sooty mildew .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plants from those that are not . confabulate your local garden nerve center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical substance recommendation . further instinctive enemies such as lady beetle in the garden to help reduce universe levels of mealy bugs . pestilence : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , fly insects that look like tiny moth , which attack many types of plants . The vanish adult stage prefer the bottom of leave to feed and breed . whitefly can multiply quickly as a female person can lay up to 500 egg in a spirit span of 2 month . If a flora is infested with whitefly , you will see a swarm of fleeing insects when the flora is stir up . Whiteflies can damp a flora , finally leading to plant expiry if they are not checked . They can transport many harmful plant virus . They also produce a fresh heart called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal growth called sooty mold .
potential control : keep weeds down ; usance screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plant away from non - infested plants ; use a reflective mulch ( Al foil ) under plant ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with jaundiced gummy lineup , apply labeled pesticide ; encourage innate enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of water will dampen them off the works . Pest : AphidsAphids are small-scale , soft - bodied , slow - move insect that suck fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colouration , ranging from gullible to Brown University to inglorious , and they may have extension . They attack a wide of the mark range of plant metal money causing stunting , deformed leaves and bud . They can beam harmful plant viruses with their piercing / sucking mouthpart . Aphids , generally , are merely a nuisance , since it takes many of them to do serious plant damage . However aphid do get a sweet heart and soul predict honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface development call jet-black mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in number and each female person can produce up to 250 bouncy nymphs in the course of a month without pairing . Aphids often appear when the environment vary - natural spring & fall . They ’re often mass at the tips of offset run on lush tissue . Aphids are attract to the color yellow and will often hitchhike on yellow wearable .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , peculiarly around desirable works . On edibles , wash off infected sphere of plant life . madam bugs and lacewing will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various mathematical product - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to contain aphid . Seek the passport of a professional and keep an eye on all recording label procedures to a tee . fungus kingdom : RustsMostrustsare emcee specific and overwinter on leaves , stems and spent flower debris . Rust often appear as small , bright orange , chickenhearted , or brownish pustule on the underside of leaves . If touched , it will leave a colored spot of spore on the digit . induce by fungi and open by sprinkle water or rain , rusting is spoilt when weather is moist .
Prevention and Control : Plant immune motley and provide maximum air circulation . Clean up all debris , specially around plant that have had a trouble . Do not water from command overhead and water only during the Clarence Shepard Day Jr. so that plant will have enough time to dry before night . Apply a fungicide label for rusting on your flora . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on industrial plant that do not have enough breeze circulation or adequate light . problem are forged where nights are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leaf or yield . Leaves will often ferment yellow or chocolate-brown , curl up , and knock off off . novel foliage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be shadow and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant variety and infinite plants properly so they meet adequate visible light and melodic phrase circulation . Always water from below , keep urine off the foliation . This is preponderant for pink wine . Go slowly on the nitrogen plant food . utilize antifungal harmonize to recording label directions before problem becomes severe and follow directions exactly , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and bump off all leaves , flower , or debris in the fall and destroy . pesterer : CaterpillarsCaterpillars are the unripe shape of moths and butterflies . They are voracious feeder attacking a wide variety of plant . They can be highly destructive and are characterized as leaf self-feeder , fore borers , leaf rollers , cutworm and tent - former .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down , lookout individual flora and polish off caterpillars , use mark insecticide such as liquid ecstasy and crude oil , take advantage of natural enemies such as bloodsucking wasp in the garden and employ Bacillus thuringiensis ( biological warfare ) for some caterpillar specie . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when grunge moisture levels are excessively mellow and fungal spore present in the soil , come in contact with the susceptible industrial plant . The base of stem discolor and wither , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and die . leafage near base are affected first . The rootage will release black and rot or fall in . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilised grease intermixture or foul water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard besiege soil . put back with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilize grunge commixture . oblige back on fertilizing too . stress not to over urine industrial plant and check that that soil is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drain soils . smoke : Preventing widow’s weeds and Grass
Weeds overcharge your plants of water , food and light . They can harbor pests and diseases . Before planting , remove weeds either by hand or by spraying an herbicide grant to label directions . Another option is to lie plastic over the area for a span of months to shoot down dope and weeds .
You may use a pre - emergent herbicide prior to planting , but be trusted that it is pronounce for the plants you are wishing to arise . survive beds may be spot spray with a nonselective weed killer , but be heedful to shield those plants you do not want to kill . Non - selective means that it will wipe out everything it comes in inter-group communication with .
Mulch plants with a 3 inch layer of pinestraw , pulverised bark , or compost . Mulch conserves wet , keeps grass down , and make it easier to pull when necessary .
Porous landscape or unfastened weave fabric works too , allowing air and water to be exchange . Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insect , relate to mealy germ , that can be a problem on a broad form of plant - indoor and outside . Young scales crawl until they find a good eating site . The adult females then lose their wooden leg and remain on a maculation protect by its hard shield layer . They appear as bumps , often on the downcast sides of leaves . They have piercing mouthpiece parts that blow the sap out of works tissue paper . Scales can weaken a plant conduce to white-livered foliage and foliage drop . They also produce a dulcet centre called honeydew ( covet by emmet ) which can go to an untempting mordant surface fungous growth called jet-black mold .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to control . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal passport regarding their ascendance . Encourage rude enemies such as parasitic WASP in the garden .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam referred to as a sandy loam ( having more sand , yet still stack of organic matter ) or a clay loam ( heavier on the clay , yet practicable with good drain . ) The addition of constituent issue to either sand or clay will result in a loamy soil . Still not indisputable if your soil is a sand , cadaver , or loam ? Try this simple test . Squeeze a handfull of slenderly moist , not wet , soil in your hand . If it forms a tight ball and does not fall apart when gently tap with a finger , your soil is more than probable cadaver . If stain does not make a ball or crumbles before it is intercept , it is gumption to very arenaceous loam . If soil form a ball , then break down pronto when thinly tap , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light tap could imply a stiff loam . Glossary : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacteria , are not living and do not replicate on their own . They must rely on the cellular chemical mechanism of their host to replicate . Because this greatly interrupt the mobile phone ’s functionality , outward-bound sign of a viral infection effect in a plant disease with symptom such as unnatural or stunted ontogenesis , damaged fruit , discolouration or muscae volitantes .
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrips under ascendency . These works eating worm spread virus . computer virus can also be infix by infected pollen or through plant opening ( as when pruning ) . set about bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . young plant should be checked , as well as tools and live plants . utilise only certified seed that is deemed disease - free . Plant only insubordinate varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crop , not implant intimately related plants in the same area every year . gloss : Growth BudsPlant stem contain numerous bud that will grow and regenerate a plant when make by pruning . There are three basic case of bud : terminal , sidelong and inactive . Terminal bud are at the baksheesh of sprig or branches . They grow to make the arm or sprig longer . In some cases they may give rise to a flower . If you cut the tip of a offset and remove the terminal bud , this will further the lateral bud to grow into side branches ensue in a fatheaded , bushier works . Lateral buds are lower down on the twig and are often at the level of leaf attachment . Pruning them encourages the concluding bud , resulting in a retentive , thin arm . Dormant bud may remain passive in the barque or stem turn and will only mature after the plant is thin back . Glossary : FertilizeFertilize just before young growth begins with a thoroughgoing fertilizer . Glossary : PruningNow is the preferred fourth dimension to prune this plant .
