The European tarnished plant germ , Lygus rugulipennis , is one of the gadfly that is extremely unmanageable to ascertain in glasshouse gardening . Much damage has been reported in chrysanthemums in late year , but the gadfly can also have a lot of damage in vegetable crops such as cucumber and eggplant . The hemipteron can overwinter in greenhouses , but most damage occurs in the summertime when they migrate into the glasshouse from the glasshouse environment . Within the top sphere labor “ Biodiversity in and around the greenhouse ” , Wageningen University & Research , BU Greenhouse Horticulture is work on a example to predict the influx of these harmful hemipterous insect . The circumstances in which the prospect of this inflow is the greatest turn out to be quite specific . Further research will examine whether these forecasting can be linked to a specific military action of repel or control the flora damaging bugs .
The problemThe European tarnished flora bug , Lygus rugulipennis , has been around for geezerhood in nursery gardening , as have other harmful bug such as the common green capsid bug and the common nettle germ . However , control is becoming increasingly unmanageable , especially in flower gardening , because less and less broad - spectrum pesticides are used . Another cause is that due to mood change the glitch modernise faster and progress to higher densities , which increase the pest pressing from the nursery environment . Last year the problem with plant bugs were limited , but the class before were characterise by mild winters and hot summers , which resulted in high pestis pressure .
The most effective mode to prevent plague by the bugs is to test the cap release windows . However , this is not viable for every company and crop . Selective chemical substance control is also becoming increasingly difficult , especially due to the increase use of Orius for the control of thrips . The utilization of pesticide against the European tarnished plant bug will cursorily also have a negative effect on predatory bugs . Biological control of plant bug in the greenhouse is very unmanageable . There are predators and leechlike WASP that control the eggs and nymphs of plant bugs , but these do not impress the adult stages , while that is precisely the stage that transmigrate to the nursery . Moreover , the grownup glitch can live for month and thus have terms all that time . Control should therefore be aimed at the grownup stage .
prediction migrationThe European tarnished plant microbe overwinter as adults and can become fighting early in the year and migrate to greenhouses . However , most influx seems to occur after the first and 2d contemporaries outside of greenhouses on herbaceous plants . For the mastery of Lygus bugs it is worthful to be able to prefigure these migration to greenhouses . The institute East Malling Research in the UK develop some age ago a model that can be used to identify and foretell the developing of the first and 2nd propagation on herbaceous plant based on temperature sums .
When the evolution is closemouthed to reach the adult point , you’re able to middling predict based on conditions estimates when the adult stage has been strain and the first flights can be expected . Over the preceding 2 age , WUR Greenhouse Horticulture has corroborate this model with data point from grower . Also the assumptions for generation developmental time and survival of nymph at miserable temperature have been tested . The nymphs turned out to be very resistant to downhearted temperature . After 48 hours of exposure to 5 degrees below zero , 80 percent of the nymphs survived . This information was important for the development and proof of the framework .
report from growers about the first inflow appeared to fit passably well with the results of the model . However , the microbe can also hole up in greenhouse , which means that some agriculturalist report damage much earlier than what could have been possible accord to the model .
Research in the Czech RepublicBesides the temperature depended developmental time , also the climatic stipulation that determine flight behavior are authoritative to have a go at it . In the eighties a lot of research was already done in the Czech Republic where they studied the flight behaviour of the European tarnished plant bug with light bunker . These studies indicate that quite specific conditions are favorable for migrations . For model , the bug mainly flew during the evening between 6 pm and 1 am . The temperature during these flights is essential . bug were only becharm with lamp when the evening temperature was above 14 academic degree Celsius at 9 p.m. Most natural process of flying adult was observed on warm , windless summer evenings at a temperature above 20 ° C at 9 p.m. Furthermore , peaks of flight activity can often be linked to the expiration of important host plants during pout .
These specific conditions for trajectory activeness can be linked to the exploitation model , so that a reasonable estimate can be made when monolithic inflow of industrial plant bugs can be expected . forthcoming yr , WUR will prepare a webinar together with Glastuinbouw Nederland to explain the example , so that agriculturist can get to work with it themselves .
Repel and controlPredicting plant bug migrations to greenhouse will ultimately have to be linked to an action . Temporarily close up the vents at flora bug migration moments is not an alternative for the harvest . The temperature would ascend too quick on those warm summertime evenings . However , during the periods when an inflow of plant bugs can be wait , raiser could start monitoring with traps and , at the present moment that the pest is notice , they could apply an lotion with a specific biocontrol merchandise , such as entomopathogenic kingdom Fungi . However , the current products based on these fungus kingdom show so far limited effectualness against the grownup bug . The project is now further investigate whether the bugs can be gross out with odours that can be utilise at specific times .
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